How to overclock your CPU

Before you learn how to overclock your CPU, there's a few basic principles to get your head around. The first one is heat. Inevitably, the more voltage you add to your components, the more heat that component is going to produce.

Second, the higher the clock speed you're trying to achieve, the more voltage you will need to power that attempt. Makes enough sense.

And thirdly, there's only so much voltage your PC part can take before you start to see detrimental effects. These could be a drop in frame rates for GPUs, corrupting processes on the CPU, or even a failure to boot at all.

These, essentially, are the basic limits of overclocking. All chips are born equal, but some are more equal than others. You'll often hear overclockers talk of "The Silicon Lottery." In short, this is to do with the manufacturing process with each and every processor.

Small imperfections in the application of the silicon lead to a variance in how well the chips perform, both in stability with an increase in voltage, and how much heat they produce at max load. You might get lucky with yours, or you might not.

It can equate from anywhere between 0.2GHz frequency difference to, in some cases, up to 1GHz in overclocking potential.

So, let's assume you've got an aftermarket cooler of some description (see the "Picking a cooler" section), that you have a processor or component that's capable of overclocking (K/X series for Intel and any AMD chip), and that you understand how to get into your BIOS, here's how to get going.

Keep your overclocked rig cool with our guide on how to water cool your PC

How to overclock your CPU — Prime95 is a key overclocking tool, with its stress tests being a major part of the process

1. Check CPU stability

To ensure a successful overclock, we'll need to know that the CPU is stable at both idle and max load. To do this, we'll be using a free piece of software called Prime95 .

You'll also want to download a program to accurately monitor the temperatures your CPU is outputting. For this we'll use Core Temp , as this works with both AMD and Intel cores.

There are alternatives out there – Corsair and NZXT have proprietary software that works with their products, plus most motherboards have view-able temperature controls that you can use from the desktop.

Finally, if you'd rather not install any programs, then Real Temp GT will be for you.

2. Check your core temp

Once those programs are extracted or installed, load Core Temp to begin monitoring your CPU's temperature.

Always look at the lowest core temp to give yourself a good understanding of how hot your CPU is running.

3. Run the stress tests

Now, we'll want to benchmark your CPU, at stock, to see how hot it runs at 100%.

Start Prime95, select "Just stress testing," and then you'll be given a list of options as to which stress tests you'd like to perform.

Choose "Blend Test," and press "OK".

4. Get into the BIOS

After about 5 to 10 minutes, once your temperatures have stabilized, go into Prime95. Select "Test" on the top bar and hit "Stop", then restart your PC and tap that Delete key on your keyboard to get into your BIOS.

(Be sure to pay attention to your early login screen, as the key press to enter your BIOS tends to differ between device vendors.)

In this test, we're using an ASRock Z97 Extreme 4 motherboard. So, the UEFI could be a little different in comparison to some of the other manufacturers you'll find out there, but the base settings will essentially be the same.

5. Go for auto-overclock

Once inside your BIOS, find the overclocking tab. In ours, it's named "OC Tweaker." Once in, you have several options.

The easiest way to overclock your CPU is to let the motherboard do the majority of the work.

Most manufacturers will include overclock profiles, usually ranging from 4GHz to 4.8GHz, depending on the CPU installed.

Setting the motherboard to run one of these profiles will allow it to attempt to overclock the chip to that frequency without any user input.

This can be a quick solution, especially if you're only dialing in a conservative overclock (3.5GHz to 4GHz, for example), but this isn't conducive if you want to push beyond that 4.8GHz barrier, or if you can't reach that frequency through the automated profiles.

6. Changing the multiplier

More adept users will find manual control a lot more comprehensive in regards to what true overclocking is all about. To keep it simple, you want to change the CPU ratio, or multiplier, for all cores to the target number you wish to achieve.

That's 35 in this case.

The multiplier then works with the cores' BCLK (or "base clock") frequency (usually 100) to create that final figure of 3.5GHz. In this tutorial, we're going to attempt to overclock our CPU, just to start with, from 3.5 to 4GHz, simply by changing the multiplier.

How to overclock CPU — Always stress test your CPU before overclocking, to get a good reference point.

7. Test at max load

Once you've changed the CPU ratio multiplier to 40, save changes and exit the BIOS. Boot into Windows, open Core Temp to monitor your CPU temp, then open Prime95 and select "Options", "Torture Test" and finally "Blend Test," to see how your chip fairs at max load.

If it's stable for at least five minutes, we can begin to up the multiplier to achieve a higher overclock.

8. Finding the limit

At this point in overclocking your CPU, you'll want to increase the multiplier by one and repeat the process of stress testing in Windows each time, until you reach the point where you initially either get a Blue Screen of Death or your CPU begins to thermally throttle itself.

Ideally, you want to blue screen before you reach your thermal limit.

9. Increasing the voltage

To overcome the blue screen issue, we need to start working with the Vcore voltage. Back in the BIOS, you want to find CPU Vcore Voltage Mode.

Change this to "Fixed". At this point, you may need to do some research as to what the stock Vcore your CPU takes, and what people are suggesting for overclocking.

You'll want to begin increasing the voltage by 0.01 volts each time, until you can successfully boot, stress test and maintain stability at your target frequency.

Once you get a little more comfortable overclocking, you'll find yourself increasing voltages by 0.05 or 0.1 at a time. It's more about learning how your CPU responds to different amounts of voltage at this point.

Eventually, you'll get to a point where you cannot reach that next frequency, regardless of how much voltage you throw at it. This is when you want to dial back your overclock by 0.1GHz and drop the Vcore voltage back to the last stable settings for that frequency and maintain it there, as this is your final overclock.

10. Back to benchmarking

To ensure a stable overclock, you should now benchmark for as long as you feel is appropriate. This can be anywhere from an hour to a full day, depending on how patient you are.

Finally, you can enjoy your machine at its utmost potential.

This article is part of TechRadar's Silicon Week . The world inside of our machines is changing more rapidly than ever, so we're looking to explore everything CPUs, GPUs and all other forms of the most precious metal in computing.